The?beginning of wisdom?is?the definition?of terms.
(对各种术语进行定义是智慧之源。)
据说,此语出自苏格拉底(Socrates)。也许,受到了大哲学家的启发,后人对各种术语争相定义,其中包括“抽象名词”。通过谷歌查了一下,发现以下5种“abstract noun”的定义:
An abstract is a word which names something that you cannot see, hear, touch, smell, or taste.
Abstract nouns?are words for things that can't be experienced by any of the five senses; they can't be seen, heard, smelled, tasted or touched.
An abstract noun is a noun that you cannot sense; it is the name we give to an emotion, ideal or idea. They have no physical existence; you can't see, hear, touch, smell or taste them.
An abstract noun is a noun that denotes an abstract or intangible concept, such as envy or joy.
An?abstract noun?is a type of noun that refers to something with which a person cannot physically interact.
5种定义,见仁见智。前3种浅显易懂,但很容易被贴上“不严谨”的标签;后2种用语深奥,恐怕一般人难以接受。暂不分辨这几种定义的优劣,因为以本人的能力还不足以对此评头品足。
就说一点感受:“抽象名词”不好定义。例如,第4个定义所给的例子有joy,而依据“抽象名词属于不可数名词”这一条规则,joy没有复数形式,但是事实并非如此。当joy作“令人开心的人或物”解时,属于可数名词,有复数形式。
但是,我们不能因此认为第4个定义(或别的某个定义)有误。记得当年学到people时,老师说这个是集合(或集体)名词,没有复数形式。但后来我们发现有peoples,却并不会责怪老师误导了我们,因为当年我们的认知水平有限,老师教得多只会使问题复杂化。
回归主题,“抽象”还是“具体”不好区分。一般来说,抽象的就是不可名状的东西,如概念(例如democracy)之类。“民主”够抽象了吧?据说抽象到国人无法理解,但是还是有a democracy(一个民主国家);此时它已经具体化了。
总之,我们还是不用纠结啦,定义不好下,界线不好划清。实在有疑问,就查词典。