首先要说的，这个怎么好像是中国人写的，错误不少，而且很多说法根本不够专业，翻译起来很费时间。
比如对传感器（Transducer）的解释就非常不专业。而热电偶（thermocouple）最好这样说
A thermocouple converts temperature to an output voltage which can be read by a voltmeter.
总之就是用词不规范，另外这个应该是电器专业英语。如果你想要专业词语，也就那些单个词（传感器Transducer 模数转换器ADC 脉冲计数器Pulse counters 等等算是凑合，解释的说法就可以无视了。）
System interpretation of process data. The three categories of manufacturing process date must be capable of interacting with the computer. For monitoring theprocess,input data must be entered into the computer.for controlling the process, output data must be generated by the computer and converted into signals understandable by the manufacturing process. There are six categories of computer-process interface representing the inputs and outputs for the three types of process data. These categories are:
对于生产过程数据的判定系统。这三种生产过程数据必须与计算机（的计算）相符（这里的date似乎应该是data）。为了监测该过程，输入的数据必须被输入计算机。为了控制该过程，输出的数据必须由计算机生成，并且转化成生产过程的可读信号。这三种过程数据按照输入和输出的不同，需要六种计算机处理端口。如下：
Analog to digital
模数转换
Contact input
接点输入
Pulse counters
脉冲计数器
Digital to analog
数模转换
Contact output
接点输出
Pulse generators
脉冲发生器
Analog-to-digital interfacing involves transforming real-valued
signals into digital representations of their mangnitude. A number of
different steps must be accomplished to affect this conversion process. These steps involve the following hardware:
数模转换接口连接包括把实际信号转换成数字量（这里的mangnitude应该为magnitude）表示。这一过程需要很多步骤。这些步骤需要一下硬件：
1) transducers, which convert a measurable process characteristic (flow rate, temperature,process,etc.)into electrical voltage levels corresponding in magnitude to the state of the characteristic of the process measured. A thermocouple is an example of a device in this category. It converts temperature into a small voltage level.
1）传感器，用于将被测量的过程特性（流量、温度，过程等等）转化成变化的电压，并使之与被测量过程特性相一致。热电偶就是一个这种器件，它将温度转换成低电压。
2) Signal conditioners,which filter random electrical noise and smooth the analog signal emanating from transducing devices.
信号调节器，用于滤除无规则电噪声和调整传感器发出的模拟信号。
（这里的smooth用的...）
3) Multiplexers,which connect several process-monitoring devices to the analog-to-digital converter(ADC). Each process signal is sampled at periodic intervals and passed on to the converter.
3）多路转换器,用于连接过程控制设备和模数转换器。每一个处理信号都通过周期采样并且传送到转换器。
4) Amplifiers scale the incoming signal up or down to the range of the analog-to-digital converter being used.
4）放大器，用于按照数模转换器的要求，比例增高或者降低输入信号的幅度。
5) The analog-to-digital converter transforms the incoming real-valued process signals into their digital equivalents.
5）模数转换器，用于将输入的真实过程信号转换成对应的数字信号。
6) The digital computer”s I/O section accepts the digital signals from the ADC. A limit comparator is often connected between the I/O sections and the ADC to prevent out-of-limit signals from distracting the CPU
6）数字计算机的输入输出接口，用于从模数转换器中接收数字信号。在输入输出接口和模数转换器中间，经常会连接一个极限比较器，用于保护CPU不受溢出信号的干扰。