约翰·罗纳德·鲁埃尔·托尔金（John Ronald Reuel Tolkien，1892年1月3日~1973年9月2日, 英国语言学家、作家。他因创作了奇幻小说《魔戒》三部曲而知名。一般简称他为J. R. R. 托尔金。
托尔金出生于南非的布隆方丹。4岁时因为父亲去世而举家迁回英格兰。1915年23岁时托尔金从英国牛津大学毕业，参加第一次世界大战。托尔金因患“战壕热”而在医院里待到了大战结束。正是这段在医院的日子里，他开始了他最初的写作生涯。
战后，托尔金成为了一名语言学家。他是1918年-1920年版的《新英语词典》的编委。但他更以研究盎格鲁－萨克森语著称，这使得他广泛接触到英国以及北欧各地流传的神话和民间传说。
1937年，托尔金完成了他的第一部作品《霍比特人》。尽管这是一部童话，但它同样适合成人阅读。由于这部作品销量不错，出版商（Allen & Unwin）说服托尔金写作续集。这鼓励托尔金完成了他最有名的作品——史诗三部曲《魔戒》。这部作品的写作持续了将近一年，并受到了托尔金的密友C·S·刘易斯的支持。
《魔戒》的开头类似儿童作品，但之后写作风格迅速变得严肃和黑暗。《魔戒》是20世纪最流行的文学作品之一，无论从是销售量还是读者评价来讲。托尔金的重要影响在于，在《魔戒》成功之后，奇幻小说这一文学体裁迅速发展起来。
英文翻译
Reuel Tolkien (John Ronald Reuel Tolkien, 1892 on 1 year 3 ~ September 2, 1973, the British linguist, writer. He created a fantasy novel "The Lord of the Rings" The well-known trilogy. He called for JRR Tolkien.
Tolkien was born in Bloemfontein, South Africa. 4-year-old when his father died because his family and move back to England. 23-year-old in 1915 when Tolkien graduated from Oxford University, participated in the First World War. Tolkien suffering from "trench fever" and in the hospital until the end of World War II. It is this day in the hospital, he began his writing career first.
After the war, Tolkien became a linguist. He is a 1918 -1920 edition of the "New English Dictionary," the editorial board. However, he is more research to Anglo - Saxon language of that which makes his extensive contacts in Britain and the Nordic spread all over the folklore and mythology.
In 1937, Tolkien completed his first work "The Hobbit." Although this is a fairy tale, but it is also suitable for adults to read. This works because of good sales, publishers (Allen & Unwin) to convince the sequel to Tolkien writing. This has encouraged Tolkien to complete his most famous works - the epic trilogy "The Lord of the Rings." The work of writing going on for almost a year, and Tolkien was a close friend of C S Lewis.
"The Lord of the Rings" at the beginning of similar works for children, but after writing style quickly becomes serious and dark. "The Lord of the Rings" in the 20th century's most popular literary works, in terms of sales is still speaking readers evaluation. Tolkien's influence is important, in the "Lord of the Rings" success, the fantasy novels of this genre of literature has developed rapidly