spend, cost, pay, take。
spend, cost, pay, take这组词的***同意思是“花费”,指某人买或做某事所花费的时间或金钱。其区别是:
1.spend和pay的主语只能是人; cost的主语是物或事; take后接时间时,主语也可以是人。此外,take和cost还可以用动词不定式或动词不定式短语作真实主语,而it为形式主语。例如:
I paid him $200 for this painting.我付他200美元买了这幅画。
She spent ten dollars shopping for food.她购买食品花了10美元。
The work cost me a lot of time and effort.这本著作花费了我大量的时间和精力。
We took a week to finish the work.我们花了一个星期完成这项工作。
It costs us a lot of money to build a house.盖房子花了我们很多钱。
It took me one year to read this book.我用一年时间读了这本书。
2.pay的搭配范围最窄,只接金钱; cost的搭配范围最宽,除接金钱和时间外,还可接劳力、精力、财富、健康、职位甚至生命等。例如:
“Are you paying cash?”“No,I will pay by cheque.”“你付现金吗?”“不,我用支票支付。”
Careless driving cost him his life.粗心大意地开车使他丧了命。
3.spend可接动名词,而cost, pay, take可接动词不定式。
4.spend, take, pay都可用于被动结构,而cost不能用于被动结构。
词汇搭配:
spend money?花钱
afford〔assume, stand〕 the expense?承担费用
avoid expense?避免花费
bear〔take on〕 all the expense?承担全部费用
clear the expenses?支付开销
cut down〔reduce〕 expenses?削减开支
figure out expense?算出费用
spend for, spend in, spend on这三个短语的***同意思是“在…花费…”。其区别是:
1.spend in和spend on既可以用于时间,也可以用于金钱; 而spend for只可以用于金钱。
2.spend on和spend in后既可以接名词,也可以接动名词; 而spend for后多接名词。
3.spend on和spend in在语义上有细微差别。试比较:
He spent a week in touring these six cities.他用了一周时间游览这六个城市。(强调动词宾语)
He spent a week on touring these six cities.他把一周的时间花费在游览这六个城 市上。(强调介词宾语)