总论[Introduction]
superior[上] inferior[下] Cranial[头侧] Caudal[尾侧] anterior[前] posterior[后] ventral[腹侧] dorsal[背侧] medial[内侧] lateral[外侧] internal[内] external[外] superficial[浅] profundal[深] proximal[近侧] distal[远侧] ulnar[尺侧] radial[桡侧] tibial[胫侧] fibular[腓侧]2、运动系统[locomotor (kinetic) system]
vertebrae[椎骨] cervical vevtebrae[颈椎] thoracic vertebrae[胸椎] lumbar vertebrae[腰椎] sacrum[骶骨] sternum[胸骨] rib[肋骨] thoracic cage[胸廓] skull[颅] frontal bone[额骨] parietal bone[顶骨] occipital bone[枕骨] temporal bone[颞骨] sphenoid bone[蝶骨] ethmoid bone[筛骨] mandible (submaxilla)[下颌骨] maxilla (supermaxilla)[上颌骨] nasal bone[鼻骨] coronal (sagital, lambdoid) suture [冠状（矢状，人字）缝] orbit[眶] clavicle[锁骨] scapula (shoulder blade)[肩胛骨] sternum (breast bone)[胸骨] manubrium sterni (presternum)[胸骨柄] midsternum[胸骨体] xiphoid[剑突] humerus[肱骨] radius[桡骨] ulna[尺骨] carpal bone[腕骨] metacarpal bone [掌骨] phalanges[指(趾)骨] hip bone[髋骨] ilium[髂骨] ischium [坐骨] pubis[耻骨] femur [股骨] patella[髌骨] tibia[胫骨] fibula [腓骨] articulation[关节] ligament[韧带] flexion[屈] extension[伸] adduction[收] abduction[展] medial rotation[旋内] lateral rotation[旋外] pronation[旋前] supination[旋后] circumductoin[环转] vertebral column[脊柱] intervertebral disc[椎间盘] temporal-mandibular joint[颞下颌关节] shoulder joint[肩关节] elbow joint[肘关节] radiocarpal joint[肩关节] radiocarpal joint[桡腕关节] pelvis[骨盆] hip joint[髋关节] knee joint[膝关节] ankle joint[踝关节] muscle [肌肉] tendon[肌腱] fascia[筋膜] tendinous sheath[腱鞘] trapezius[斜方肌] latissimus dorsi[背阔肌] sternocleidomastoid[胸锁乳突的] scalenus [斜角肌] pectoralis major[胸大肌] intercostales[肋间肌] diaphragm[膈肌] inguinal canal[腹股沟管] masseter[咬肌] temporalis[颞肌] deltoid[三角肌] biceps brachii[肱二头肌] triceps brachii[肱三头肌] axillary fossa [腑窝] gluteus maximus[臀大肌] piriformis[梨状肌] sartorius[缝匠肌] quadriceps femoris[股四头肌] triceps surae[小腿三头肌] femoral triangle[股三角]3、内脏[Viscera]
viscera[内脏] oral cavity[口腔] lip[唇] cheek[颊] palate[腭] tooth[牙] dentes[牙] tongue[舌] parotid gland[腮腺] pharynx[咽] esophagus[食管] stomach gaster[胃] duodenum[十二指肠] jejunum[空肠] ileum [回肠] large intestine[大肠] caecum[盲肠] vermiform (appendix)[阑尾] colon[结肠] rectum[直肠] anal canal[肛管] dentate line[齿状线] anus[肛门] liver (hepar)[肝] porta hepatis[肝门] gallblader[胆囊] pancreas[胰] nose[鼻] nasal cavity[鼻腔] paranasal sinus[鼻旁窦] larynx[喉] laryngeal cavity[喉腔] vocal cord[声带] trachea[气管] bronchi[支气管] lung [肺] pulmonary[肺的] pleura[胸膜] mediastinum[纵隔] kidney[肾] renal pilvis[肾盂] ureter[输尿管] urinary bladder[膀胱] urethra[尿道] testis[睾丸] epididymis[附睾] ductus deferens[输精管] spermatic cord[精索] prostate[前列腺] scrotum[阴囊] penis[阴茎] ovary[卵巢] uterine tube[输卵管] uterus[子宫] vagina[阴道] clitoris[阴蒂] mamma (breast)[乳房] mammary papilla (nipple)[乳头] perineum[会阴] pelvic diaphragm[盆膈] peritoneum[腹膜] omentum[网膜]4、心血管系统[Cardiovascular system]
heart[心] artery[动脉] vein[静脉] capillary[毛细血管] atrium[心房] ventricle[心室] tricuspid valve[三尖瓣] bicuspid valve[二尖瓣] aortic valve[主动脉瓣] pulmonary valve[肺动脉瓣] sinuatrial node[窦房结] atrioventricular node[房室结] atrioventricular bundle[房室束] right/left bundle branch[右/左束支] coronary artery[冠状动脉] coronary sinus[冠状窦] pericardium[心包] aorta[主动脉] innominate artery[无名动脉(头臂干)] common carotid artery[颈总动脉] carotid sinus [颈动脉窦] internal(external) carotid artery[颈内(外)动脉] facial artery[面动脉] subclavian artery[锁骨下动脉] mesenteric artery[肠系膜动脉] common iliac artery[髂总动脉] popliteal artery [腘动脉] vena cava [腔静脉] internal jugular vein[颈内静脉] cephalic vein[头静脉] basilic vein[贵要静脉] saphenous vein[隐静脉] lymphatic duct[淋巴导管] thoracic duct[胸导管] lymph node[淋巴结] spleen[脾] thymus[胸腺]5、感觉器[sense organs]
sensory organ[感觉器] receptor[感受器] visual organ[视器] eyeball [眼球] cornea[角膜] sclera[巩膜] choroid [脉络膜] ciliary body[睫状体] iris[虹膜] retina[视网膜] optic disc[视神经盘] macula lutea[黄斑] aqueous humor[房水] lens[晶状体] vitreous body[玻璃体] eyelid [眼睑] conjunctiva[结膜] lacrimal gland[泪腺] vestibulocochlear organ[前庭蜗器] ear( auris) [耳] auricle[耳廓] acoustic meatus[耳道] tympanic cavity[鼓室] tympanic membrane[鼓膜] pharyngotympanic tube [咽鼓管] bony(membranous) labyrinth[骨(膜)迷路] vestibule [前庭] semicircular canal[半规管] cochlea[耳蜗] cochlear duct[蜗管] olfactory organ[嗅器] gustatory organ[味器] taste bud[味蕾] skin[皮肤]6、神经系统[Nervous system]
central nervous system[中枢神经系统] peripheral nervous system[周围神经系统] visceral nerve[内脏神经] afferent nerve[传入神经] efferent nerve[传出神经] neuron[神经元] axon [轴突] dendrite[树突] glia [神经胶质] gray matter [灰质] white matter[白质] cortex[皮质] madulla[髓质] nucleus[神经质] ganglion[神经节] fasciculus[神经束] nerve[神经] spinal nerve[脊神经] cervical plexus[颈丛] brachial plexus[臂丛] lumbar plexus[腰丛] sacral plexus [骶丛] phrenic nerve[膈神经] median nerve[正中神经] ulnar nerve[尺神经] radial nerve[桡神经] femoral nerve[股神经] ischiatic nerve[坐骨神经] common peroneal nerve[腓总神经] cranial nerve[颅(脑)神经] olfactory nerve[嗅神经] optic nerve[视神经] oculomotor nerve[动眼神经] trochlear nerve[滑车神经] trigeminal verve[三叉神经] abducent nerve[展神经] facial nerve[面神经] vestibulocochlear nerve[前庭蜗神经] glossopharyngeal nerve[舌咽神经] vagus nerve[迷走神经] accessary nerve[副神经] hypoglossal nerve[舌下神经] autonomic nervous system[自主神经] vegetative nervous system[植物神经] sympathetic nerve[交感神经] parasympathetic nerve[副交感神经] spinal cord[脊髓] encephalon (brain)[脑] brain stem[脑干] medulla oblongata[延髓] pons [脑桥] mesencephalon[中脑] midbrain[中脑] cerebellum[小脑] diencephalon[间脑] thalamus[丘脑] hypothalamus[下丘脑] hypophysis[垂体] telencephalon[端脑] cerebrum[大脑] cerebral cortex[大脑皮质] corpus striatum[纹状体] internal capsule[内囊] spinothalamic tract[皮质脊髓束] medial lemniscus[内侧丘系] lateral lemniscus[外侧丘系] spinal lemniscus[脊髓丘系] trigeminal lemniscus[三叉丘系]7、体表标记[Anatomic marks]
naso-labial groove[鼻唇沟] suprasternal fossa[胸骨上窝] supraclavicular fossa[锁骨上窝] infraclavicular fossa[锁骨下窝] armpit (axillary fossa)[腋窝] midsternal (midian) line[胸骨中线（正中线）] anterior midian line[前正中线] parasternal line[胸骨旁线] midclavicular line[锁骨中线] mammillary (nipple, milk) line[乳线] posterior (mid-, anterior) axillary line[腋后（中，前）线] scapular line[肩胛线] midspinal line[脊柱中线] dorsomedian line[后正中线] linea paravertebralis [脊椎旁线] the left (right) upper abdomen (quadrant)[左（右）上腹] epigastrium[上腹部] the middle abdomen[中腹部] the lower abdomen[下腹部] linea pararectalis[腹直肌旁线] anterior superior spine[髂前上棘] symphysis pubis (symphysion)[耻骨联合] ischial tuberosity[坐骨结节] groin (inguen)[腹股沟] popliteal fossa[腘窝] upper extremity(limb)[上肢] lower extremity(limb)[下肢] posterior superior spine[髂后上嵴] anterior (dorsal) part of chest(前（后）胸部) scapular region[肩胛区] anterior (posterior) fontanelle[前（后）囱]