《美国传统词典》对anthropomorphism的解释是：Attribution of human motivation, characteristics, or behavior to inanimate objects, animals, or natural phenomena.
(拟人论，拟人观：赋予无生命的物体，动物或自然现象以人的动机，特征或行动)
对personification的解释是：A figure of speech in which inanimate objects or abstractions are endowed with human qualities or are represented as possessing human form.(拟人，人格化：给无生命的东西或者抽象的东西赋予人的个性或绘以人的形象)
很抱歉我也不知道它们在用法上的区别。
《美国传统词典》对fable的解释是：A usually short narrative making an edifying or cautionary point and often employing as characters animals that speak and act like human beings.(寓言：一种通常短小的故事，用来表示启发或谨慎的观点，常利用说话或有人的行为的动物为角色)
对allegory的解释是：A literary, dramatic, or pictorial device in which characters and events stand for abstract ideas, principles, or forces, so that the literal sense has or suggests a parallel, deeper symbolic sense.(讽喻：一种文学、戏剧或绘画的艺术手法，其中人物和事件代表抽象的观点、原则或支配力，从而使表面含义含有或表达一种对等的，但更深刻的象征意义)
“寓言”是文学体裁，“讽喻”是修辞手法。